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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 43(6): 480-486, June 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341135

ABSTRACT

Abstract The process of ovulation involves multiple and iterrelated genetic, biochemical, and morphological events: cessation of the proliferation of granulosa cells, resumption of oocyte meiosis, expansion of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes, digestion of the follicle wall, and extrusion of the metaphase-II oocyte. The present narrative review examines these interrelated steps in detail. The combined or isolated roles of the folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are highlighted. Genes indiced by the FSH genes are relevant in the cumulus expansion, and LH-induced genes are critical for the resumption ofmeiosis and digestion of the follicle wall. A nonhuman model for follicle-wall digestion and oocyte release was provided.


Resumo O processo de ovulação envolve modificações genéticas, bioquímicas e morfológicas múltiplas e interrelacionadas: suspensão da proliferação das células da granulosa, reinício da meiose do oócito, expansão das células do complexo cumulus-oócito, digestão da parede folicular, e extrusão do oócito. Esta revisão narrativa examina em detalhes cada um desses eventos e os principais genes e proteínas envolvidos. Mais importante, a ação combinada ou isolada do hormônio folículo-estimulante (HFE) e do hormônio luteinizante (HL) é destacada. Detalha-se o papel do HFE na expansão do cumulus e do HL na digestão da parede folicular, permitindo a extrusão do oócito na superfície ovariana. Proveu-se um modelo não humano para explicar a digestão da parede folicular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Ovulation/physiology , Luteinizing Hormone/physiology , Oocytes/growth & development , Ovulation/genetics , Luteinizing Hormone/genetics , Signal Transduction , Models, Animal , Cumulus Cells/physiology , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/physiology , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/genetics , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development , Granulosa Cells/physiology , Meiosis/physiology , Meiosis/genetics
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(4): 372-378, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377328

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To determine the time of oogenic development and the length of the gonotrophic cycle of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in laboratory. Materials and methods: Bloodfed females of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were dissected every 4 h to determine the development status of the follicles according to the Christophers' stages. Results: The minimum time of oocyte maturation in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was 64-82 h and 52-64 h post-feeding, respectively. We found that the gonotrophic cycle of Ae. aegypti (3.7-4.2 d) is longer than that of Ae. albopictus (3.2-3.7 d). The follicle length showed significant differences between species at Christophers' stages 2" and 5, whereas follicle amplitude was different between the two mosquitoes at stages 2", 3 and 4. Conclusions: The study provided new evidence on the reproductive strategies of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus females that coexist in the Neotropical region of Mexico.


Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el tiempo de desarrollo oogénico y del ciclo gonotrófico de Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus en laboratorio. Material y métodos: Hembras de Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus alimentadas con sangre fueron disecadas cada cuatro horas para determinar el estado de desarrollo folicular, según los estadios de Christophers. Resultados: El tiempo mínimo de maduración del oocito en Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus fue de 64-82 h y 52-64 h post-alimentación, respectivamente. El ciclo gonotrófico de Ae. aegypti (3.7-4.2 d) fue mayor que el de Ae. albopictus (3.2-3.7 d). La longitud folicular presentó diferencias significativas entre las especies en los estadios de Christophers 2" y 5, mientras que la amplitud folicular fue diferente entre ambos mosquitos en los estadios 2", 3 y 4. Conclusiones: El estudio proporcionó nueva evidencia sobre la estrategia reproductiva de las hembras de Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus que coexisten en la región neotropical de México.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Oocytes/growth & development , Aedes/physiology , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development , Oviposition/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Species Specificity , Time Factors , Aedes/anatomy & histology , Animals, Laboratory/physiology , Mexico
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(4): 669-677, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001474

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cheirodon interruptus is a ubiquitous small characid that inhabits the Pampean region and commonly used as bait. Its vast market is supplied from the wild population causing a significant environmental impact. In this study, we assess the effect of photoperiod on ovarian maturation in order to evaluate its potential as a tool to manipulate reproduction under artificial conditions. Four treatments in triplicate (light: dark, L: D) were tested: 24L: 0D, 12L: 12D, 0L: 24D and a progressive photoperiod corresponding to the daily photoperiod increments in wild during winter-spring transition, accelerated three times. The experiment was conducted for 45 days. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte mean diameter, vitellogenic oocyte proportions, plasma estradiol concentrations (E2), condition factor (Kn) and standard length were estimated. Values of mean GSI, oocyte diameter, vitellogenic oocyte proportions and E2 concentration were maximum in the progressive treatment indicating vitellogenesis stimulation. In turn the same parameters were minimum in the 24L: 0D, revealing the vitellogenesis inhibition. This study showed that photoperiodic regime play an important role in the onset of ovarian maturation in C. interruptus.


Resumo Cheirodon interruptus é um pequeno caracídeo amplamente distribuído na região Pampeana e comumente usado como isca. Seu vasto mercado se abastece de populações silvestres causando um impacto ambiental significativo. Neste estudo, investigamos o efeito do fotoperíodo no amadurecimento do ovário para avaliar o potencial deste fator como ferramenta para manipular a reprodução em condições artificiais. Quatro tratamentos foram testados por triplicado (luz: escuro, L: D): 24L: 0D, 12L: 12D, 0L: 24D e um fotoperíodo progressivo que simula as mudanças das horas luz na natureza e na transição de inverno a primavera, acelerado três vezes. O experimento se realizou durante 45 dias. O índice gonadossomático (GSI), o diâmetro médio dos ovócitos, a proporção de ovócitos vitelogênicos, as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol (E2), o fator de condição (Kn) e o comprimento padrão foram estimados. Os valores médios de GSI, o diâmetro dos ovócitos, as proporções de ovócitos vitelogênicos e a concentração de E2 foram maximizados no fotoperíodo progressivo, indicando estimulação de vitelogênesis. Por outro lado, esses mesmos parâmetros resultaram mínimos no tratamento 24L: 0D, revelando um efeito inibidor da vitelogênesis. Este estudo mostrou que as variações de fotoperíodo exercem um papel importante no início vitelogênesis reprodutiva em C. interruptus .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Oocytes/growth & development , Reproduction/physiology , Photoperiod , Characidae/physiology , Seasons , Circadian Rhythm , Estradiol/blood
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1433-1444, set.-out. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038654

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the Rolipram during the maturation of bovine oocytes and gene expression of embryos produced in vitro. Bovine ovaries were collected in slaughterhouse. The COCs were selected and divided into 5 groups: Control 0 time; Control: IVM for 24 hours; Rolipram treatments with IVM blocking for 24 hours in maturation medium containing (100, 150 and 200µM). After 24 hours all groups were reseated in IVM for another 24 hours. Subsequently COCs were subjected to the same IVM system and fertilized, being checked for cleavage post fertilization and for blastocyst. In addition, performed expression of the following genes: Mater, BMP15 and Bax. No difference was found in gene expression. Of oocytes evaluated shortly after follicular aspiration, 79.00% were in GV, GVBD, MI, while 13.40%, were in MII and 7.60%, D/NI. Significant difference was observed in different concentrations (T100, T200 and T150µM) in oocytes that have reached the MII phase compared to control treatments (P= 0.003). Differences were observed in cleavage rate (P< 0.05) between T150 and T200 when compared to the C/24 Group. A high difference was observed on blastocyst rate (P< 0.001) among treatments compared to the control group.(AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do rolipram durante a maturação de oócitos bovinos, expressão gênica e embriões produzidos in vitro. Os ovários bovinos foram coletados no matadouro. Os COCs foram selecionados e divididos em cinco grupos: controle 0 tempo; controle: MIV por 24 horas; tratamentos rolipram com bloqueio MIV por 24 horas em meio de maturação contendo 100, 150 e 200µM. Após 24 horas, todos os grupos foram recolocados em MIV por mais 24 horas. Subsequentemente COCs foram submetidos ao mesmo sistema MIV e fertilizados, sendo avaliada a taxa de clivagem e de blastocisto, além da expressão dos seguintes genes: Mater, BMP15 e Bax. Nenhuma diferença foi observada na expressão gênica. Dos oócitos avaliados logo após a aspiração folicular, 79,0% estavam em GV, GVBD, MI, enquanto 13,40% estavam em MII, e 7,60% em D/NI. A diferença significativa foi observada em diferentes concentrações (T100, T200 e T150µM) em oócitos que atingiram a fase MII em comparação aos tratamentos de controle (P=0,3). Diferenças foram observadas nas taxas de clivagem (P<0,5) entre T150 e T200 quando comparadas com as taxas do grupo C/24. Uma grande diferença foi observada na taxa de blastocisto (P<0,1) entre os tratamentos em relação ao grupo controle.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Oocytes/growth & development , Gene Expression/drug effects , Rolipram/pharmacology , Embryonic Development/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques/methods , In Vitro Techniques/veterinary
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1735-1740, set.-out. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038668

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to describe population and morphological characteristics of preantral follicles of not pregnant cows, pregnant cows and fetus. Ten ovaries of non-pregnant Nelore cows, eighteen ovaries of pregnant cows and eighteen ovaries of fetus were used. For pregnant cows, six ovaries from each third (initial, middle and final) were evaluated, acquired from a slaughterhouse. For fetus, the same methodology and proportion of ovaries were used. Ovaries were washed, fixed and embedded in paraffin. They were then sectioned in longitudinal sections and stained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Preantral follicles were classified according to morphology (primordial, primary and secondary) and degree of viability (intact and in initial, moderate and marked atresia). Descriptive and statistical analyzes were performed through KS300 image analysis program and Tukey's test. A greater proportion of primordial follicles were found in all categories. Secondary follicles were not observed in ovaries of fetus and cows in the initial third of pregnancy. All the ovary dimensions were higher in non-pregnant cows and in the final third of cows' pregnancy, and lower in final third of pregnancy fetus. It was concluded that follicle isolation was effective in describing population and morphological characteristics of preantral follicles of cows and fetus.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Oocytes/growth & development , Cattle/embryology , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/methods , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/veterinary , Fertilization in Vitro/methods
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(8): 1122-1127, Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041057

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Melatonin is known for its effects on both the sleep and reproductive system of mammals. The latter has melatonin receptors type 1 and 2, which act to regulate, among other things, cyclic AMP. Notwithstanding all the literature data, there is still no sound knowledge or a clear understanding of the hormone's action on the physiology of ovarian follicular cells. OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate studies about melatonin action on the ovarian granulosa/theca interna cells from the literature. METHODS The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendations. The MEDLINE and Cochrane primary databases were consulted with the use of specific terms. There was no limitation on language or publication year. RESULTS Seven papers about melatonin action on granulosa cells were selected. The following can be attributed to the hormone's effects: a) progesterone increase in culture medium; b) increased estrogen production; c) antagonistic action on estrogen; d) improvement in cell quality resulting in improved embryo and higher pregnancy rates; e) improved cell proliferation via MAPK; f) reduction of free radicals. Nevertheless, there are contrarian papers reporting a reduction in progesterone production. CONCLUSION Melatonin interferes in sex steroid production, boosting progesterone output. Such action may help improve oocyte quality.


RESUMO A melatonina é conhecida por seus efeitos no sono e no sistema reprodutivo dos mamíferos. Este último tem receptores de melatonina tipos 1 e 2, que atuam para regular, entre outras coisas, o AMP cíclico. Apesar de todos os dados da literatura, ainda não há um conhecimento sólido ou uma compreensão clara da ação do hormônio na fisiologia das células foliculares ovarianas. OBJETIVO Revisar e avaliar estudos da ação da melatonina na literatura sobre as células internas da granulosa/teca ovariana. MÉTODOS A revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as recomendações do Prisma. As bases de dados primárias Medline e Cochrane foram consultadas com o uso de termos específicos. Não houve bar na língua ou ano de publicação. RESULTADOS Sete artigos sobre a ação da melatonina nas células da granulosa foram selecionados. O que se segue pode ser atribuído aos efeitos do hormônio: a) aumento de progesterona no meio de cultura; b) aumento da produção de estrogênio; c) ação antagônica no estrogênio; d) melhoria na qualidade celular, resultando em melhor embrião e maiores taxas de gravidez; e) melhor proliferação celular via MAPK; f) redução de radicais livres. No entanto, existem artigos controversos relatando redução na produção de progesterona. CONCLUSÃO A melatonina interfere na produção de esteroides sexuais, aumentando a produção de progesterona. Tal ação pode ajudar a melhorar a qualidade do oócito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Oocytes/drug effects , Ovarian Follicle/drug effects , Melatonin/pharmacology , Oocytes/growth & development , Progesterone/antagonists & inhibitors , Theca Cells/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Granulosa Cells/drug effects
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(1): 85-92, Jan. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-990234

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effect of Morus nigra leaf extract, with or without supplementation, on morphology, activation and DNA damage of preantral follicles cultured within sheep ovarian tissue. Ovaries were collected and divided into fragments, being one fixed for histological and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis (fresh control). The remaining fragments were cultured for 7 days in alpha minimum essential media (α-MEM) supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA), insulin, transferrin, selenium, glutamine, hypoxanthine and ascorbic acid (α-MEM+; control medium) or into medium composed of M. nigra extract without supplements (0.1; 0.2 or 0.4mg/mL) or supplemented with the same substances described above for α-MEM+ (MN 0.1+; 0.2+ or 0.4+mg/mL). Then, tissues were destined to histological and TUNEL analysis. The α-MEM+ treatment had more morphologically normal follicles than all M. nigra extract treatments. However, α-MEM+ treatment also showed signs of atresia because the percentage of TUNEL positive cells was similar in α-MEM+ and in 0.1mg/mL M. nigra without and with supplements. Moreover, a reduction in the primordial follicles and an increase in the growing ones were observed in all treatments, except 0.2mg/mL M. nigra. In conclusion, the follicles cultured at 0.1mg/mL M. nigra extract were in good condition and able to continue their development, as demonstrated by the same rates of DNA damage and follicular activation as the control medium.(AU)


Este estudo avaliou o efeito do extrato das folhas de Morus nigra, com ou sem suplementos, sobre a morfologia, a ativação e o dano ao DNA de folículos pré-antrais cultivados inclusos em tecido ovariano. Os ovários foram coletados e divididos em fragmentos, sendo um fixado para análise histológica e ensaio de marcação de terminações dUTP mediada por desoxinucleotidil transferase terminal (TUNEL) (controle fresco). Os fragmentos restantes foram cultivados durante 7 dias em meio essencial mínimo alfa (α-MEM) suplementado com albumina sérica bovina (BSA), insulina, transferrina, selênio, glutamina, hipoxantina e ácido ascorbico (α-MEM+; meio controle) ou em meio composto de extrato de M. nigra sem suplementos (0,1; 0,2 or 0,4mg/mL) ou suplementado com as mesmas substâncias descritas para α-MEM+ (MN 0,1+; 0,2+ or 0,4+mg/mL). Então, os tecidos foram destinados à análise histológica e TUNEL. O tratamento do α-MEM+ apresentou mais folículos morfologicamente normais que todos os tratamentos do extrato de M. nigra. No entanto, o tratamento com α-MEM+ também mostrou sinais de atresia, pois a porcentagem de células TUNEL positivas foi semelhante em α-MEM+ e em 0,1mg/mL M. nigra sem e com suplementos. Além disso, observou-se uma redução nos folículos primordiais e um aumento nos folículos em crescimento em todos os tratamentos, exceto 0,2mg/mL M. nigra. Em conclusão, os folículos cultivados com 0,1mg/mL de extrato de M. nigra estavam em boas condições e aptos a continuar seu desenvolvimento, como demonstrado pelas taxas de dano ao DNA e de ativação folicular semelhantes ao meio controle.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Oocytes/growth & development , Ovary/cytology , DNA Damage , Sheep , Morus , Ovarian Follicle , In Vitro Techniques
8.
Biol. Res ; 51: 27, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950910

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The domestic cat serves as an animal model for assisted reproductive studies of endangered felid species. To date, there are no data on the protein alterations following cryopreservation of oocytes in felid family. METHODS: Immature (germinal vesicle) domestic cat oocytes were vitrified in the vitrification solution containing 35% ethylene glycol, 20% DMSO and 0.5 mM sucrose. The vitrified-warmed oocytes were matured (metaphase II) in vitro and subjected to proteomic analysis using 1DE SDS-PAGE prefractionation combined with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: A total of 1712 proteins were identified in in vitro matured oocytes. Of the 1712 proteins, 1454 proteins were found in both groups, whereas, 258 proteins were differentially expressed between control and vitrified-warmed groups. In vitrified-warmed oocytes, the missing proteins were membrane and nuclear proteins; whereas, apoptosis and DNA repair proteins were overrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: The identified missing and overexpressed proteins in vitrified-warmed oocytes represent potential markers of cryoinjuries and the developmental pathways of oocytes. The findings of differential expressed proteins may contribute to effective ways of proteome analysis of oocyte/embryo quality in order to assess safety of cryopreservation in felid species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cats , Oocytes/metabolism , Proteomics/methods , Vitrification , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/veterinary , Oocytes/growth & development , Mass Spectrometry , Ovariectomy , Models, Animal , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(9): 893-900, set. 2016. graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-829325

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o tecido germinativo ovariano do peixe Melanotaenia boesemani. Por meio de análises morfológicas das gônadas, realizadas após a confecção de lâminas histológicas elaboradas em parafina e coradas com hematoxilina-eosina, foram descritos os tipos celulares encontrados e realizada a classificação do estádio de maturidade dos peixes. Macroscopicamente, foi identificado que a referida espécie possui ovário único, arredondado e, na fase observada, amarelado, localizado na parte látero-anterior da cavidade celomática. As fêmeas analisadas foram classificadas na escala de desenvolvimento gonadal como maduro/em reprodução. A presença de folículos vazios e marcas de desova nas lamelas ovulígeras mostrou-se evidente. Nos ovócitos vitelogênicos deste peixe, foi constatada a presença de filamentos de adesão ovocitária ancorados à zona pelúcida. Os ovários apresentaram aspecto morfológico geral semelhante ao de outros peixes teleósteos. Seu tipo de desova foi classificado como intermitente e o padrão de desenvolvimento de ovócitos, como assincrônico.(AU)


The germinal ovarian tissue of the fish Melanotaenia boesemani was studied. By means of morphological analyses of the gonads, performed after the manufacture of histological slides made of paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, the cell types found were described and the rank of the maturity stage of the fishes was executed. Macroscopically was found that the species has only one ovary, rounded and in the observed phase yellowish, located in the lateral front part of the coelomic cavity. The observed females were classified in the gonadal development scale as mature/in reproduction. The presence of empty follicles and spawning marks on ovigerous lamellae proved to be evident. In vitellogenic oocytes of this fish, the presence of filaments of oocyte adhesion anchored to the pellucida zona was found. The ovaries showed general morphological appearance similar to that of other teleost fishes. Its spawning type was classified as intermittent and the pattern of development of oocytes as asynchronous.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Gonads/growth & development , Oogenesis/physiology , Ovary/anatomy & histology , Reproduction , Histological Techniques/veterinary , Oocytes/growth & development
10.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(1): 126-135, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774520

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lutjanid species exhibit multiple spawning behaviour during an extended spawning season in warm months, asynchronous oocyte development and indeterminate fecundity. Although early studies have contributed to knowledge of the reproductive cycle of many species within the group, they have not considered aspects about the number of cortical alveoli oocyte stage throughout maturity phases along spawning season. The latter aspect is also considered very important to confirm indeterminate fecundity hypothesis. In the present study, were analyzed 154 Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei female gonads obtained from artisanal fisheries in Pernambuco State (Brazil) between October 2010 and March 2011. Were measured oocyte size frequency distribution for maturity phases (developing, spawning capable and actively spawning), and oocyte development stage (unyolked oocytes, cortical alveoli, primary, secondary and tertiary vitellogenic oocytes and hydrated oocytes), and also the oocyte stage frequency during spawning season. The frequency of cortical alveoli oocyte stage was constantly found in the spawning period (>37%), showing slight variation throughout maturity phases. The absence of gap in the oocyte size frequency distribution between primary and secondary oocyte growth stages during spawning season is a strong indicator of continuous oocyte recruitment from reserve stocks. In addition, co-occurrence of tertiary vitellogenic oocytes, hydrated oocytes, post-ovulatory follicles and yellow-brown bodies in the histological sections of ovaries reinforce indeterminate fecundity hypothesis.


Resumo Os lutjanídeos apresentam um comportamento de desovas parceladas ao longo de uma extensa estação reprodutiva nos meses mais quentes do ano, desenvolvimento assincrônico dos ovócitos e padrão de regulação de fecundidade indeterminado. Embora muitos estudos anteriores tenham contribuído no conhecimento do ciclo reprodutivo das espécies do grupo, não foram considerados os aspectos relacionados ao percentual dos ovócitos em estágio de cortical alveoli entre as fases de maturidade sexual durante a estação reprodutiva. Este último aspecto, considerado importante para confirmação da hipótese de fecundidade do tipo indeterminada. Para isso, no presente trabalho foram analisadas 154 gônadas de fêmeas da baúna de fogo Lutjanus alexandrei obtidas da pesca artesanal em Pernambuco entre o período de outubro de 2010 a março de 2011. Foram mensurados os diâmetros dos ovócitos nas fases de maturidade sexual (desenvolvimento, capaz de desovar e ativamente desovando), e para todos os estágios ovocitários (ovócitos pre-vitelogênicos, cortical alveolar, vitelogênese primária, secundária, terciária e ovócitos hidratados), e avaliada a frequência de ocorrência ao longo do período de desova. O percentual de ovócitos em estágio cortical alveoli permaneceu constante durante o período de reprodutivo (> 37%), apresentando pouca variação entre as fases de maturidade sexual. A ausência de um intervalo na frequência de diâmetro dos ovócitos em crescimento primário e secundário entre todas as fases de maturidade sexual é um forte indicador de recrutamento contínuo de ovócitos do estoque de reserva. Além disso, a presença conjunta de ovócitos em vitelogênese terciária, ovócitos hidratados, folículos pós-ovulatórios e corpos amarelados nos cortes histológicos reforçam a hipótese de fecundidade do tipo indeterminada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Fertility , Oocytes/growth & development , Perciformes/physiology , Brazil , Perciformes/growth & development
11.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 13(1): 221-228, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744507

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study provides the first results on the reproductive biology of the anchovy, Anchoa marinii, in a nearby-coastal area of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, 37º32'00"S 57º19'00"W, Argentina. To perform this, we employed mainly female gonads, at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. The oocyte diameter distribution and the microscopy analysis of oocytes, showed different batches of growing oocytes, suggesting that the anchovy is a multiple spawner, with constant oocytes recruitment all over the reproductive season. The batch fecundity ranged between 749 and 3,207 oocytes for females, and the relative fecundity ranged from 127 to 422 yolked oocytes per female gram (ovary free). The fecundity estimation has been made with yolked oocytes. No correlation between the fecundity estimation and female size and total weight (without ovary) has been found. The estimated L50 values were 74.13 and 73.76 mm TL for females and males, respectively. Shoals of females in advanced maturity phase were recorded, between December to April in the study area. During this period a significant increase of species abundance was correlated with water temperature increase (above 16°C). This fact, together with the detection of post-ovulatory follicles, indicated the existence of reproductive events in the nearby-coastal area of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon.


El objetivo del presente trabajo es avanzar en la comprensión del ciclo de vida de la anchoa, Anchoa marinii, en relación a la franja submareal frente a la laguna costera Mar Chiquita, 37º32'00"S 57º19'00"W, Argentina. Para llevarlo a cabo se utilizaron gónadas, principalmente hembras, y se estudiaron a nivel macro y microscópico. El análisis microscópico de los ovarios evidenció la presencia de diferentes camadas de ovocitos, con un reclutamiento constante de ovocitos inmaduros durante la época reproductiva, relacionado con un patrón de puestas parciales. La fecundidad parcial arrojo valores entre 749 y 3207 ovocitos, y la fecundidad relativa estuvo comprendida entre 127 y 422 ovocitos por peso total libre de ovarios. Las estimaciones se realizaron a partir de ovarios con ovocitos vitelados. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre las estimaciones de fecundidad y la talla o peso de las hembras. La talla de primera madurez se estimó en 74,13 mm para las hembras y 73,76 mm para los machos, en el área muestreada. La presencia de hembras en estadio de maduración avanzada fue muy abundante entre diciembre y abril, correlacionándose con elevada temperatura del agua (por encima de 16°C). Este hecho sumado a la detección de hembras con folículos post-ovulatorios indicarían que la anchoa, Anchoa marinii, presenta actividad reproductiva durante la temporada estival, en el submareal frente a la Laguna costera Mar Chiquita.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fertility/physiology , Oocytes/growth & development , Fishes/physiology , Oviposition/physiology
12.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 373-380, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-66447

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rapamycin treatment during in vitro maturation (IVM) on oocyte maturation and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pigs. Morphologically good (MGCOCs) and poor oocytes (MPCOCs) were untreated or treated with 1 nM rapamycin during 0-22 h, 22-42 h, or 0-42 h of IVM. Rapamycin had no significant effects on nuclear maturation and blastocyst formation after PA of MGCOCs. Blastocyst formation after PA was significantly increased by rapamycin treatment during 22-42 h and 0-42 h (46.6% and 46.5%, respectively) relative to the control (33.3%) and 0-22 h groups (38.6%) in MPCOCs. In SCNT, blastocyst formation tended to increase in MPCOCs treated with rapamycin during 0-42 h of IVM relative to untreated oocytes (20.3% vs. 14.3%, 0.05 < p < 0.1), while no improvement was observed in MGCOCs. Gene expression analysis revealed that transcript abundance of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 mRNAs was significantly increased in MPCOCs by rapamycin relative to the control. Our results demonstrated that autophagy induction by rapamycin during IVM improved developmental competence of oocytes derived from MPCOCs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Embryonic Development/drug effects , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/veterinary , Nuclear Transfer Techniques/veterinary , Oocytes/growth & development , Parthenogenesis , Sirolimus/pharmacology , Sus scrofa/growth & development
13.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(3): 1007-1018, jul.-sep. 2014. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753671

ABSTRACT

High mortality rates have been observed in Teleost during early developmental stages, as well as great variations in reproductive tactics, which are related to adaptations towards environmental conditions and ecological niches for which different species have a specific response. The objective of this study was to describe reproductive tactics related to the survival of Cichlasoma orientale offspring, including aspects of body size, parental care, fecundity, oocyte size and spawning patterns. Samples were performed monthly from August 2011 to July 2013, in lentic and lotic environments at Curu river basin, Brazilian Northeastern semiarid region. Individual behavior (n=113) was observed underwater for over 50 hours by ad libitum sampling and focal-animal sampling. Collected individuals (males n=185, females n=95) were evaluated regarding the standard length, batch fecundity, oocyte size and spawning pattern. In females with mature ovaries, oocyte groups at different developmental stages were observed, these cells were counted and measured, and fecundity was estimated by the gravimetric method. Our results showed that the species displayed biparental care behavior and, on average, males were larger than females. Based on 46 ovaries, the average batch fecundity was 2 052±849 (range: 254-3 389). Standard length and batch fecundity were positively correlated, but no correlation was found between oocyte size and standard length. The maximum diameter observed in the most developed oocytes was 1.8mm. The observed distribution of oocyte size classes indicated synchronous oocyte development in three groups: previtellogenic, vitellogenic and mature, showing that C. orientale is a multiple spawner. Differences in the amount of oocytes among the three groups were observed, with the most developed group showing the smallest number of oocytes. The combination of low fecundity and large egg size is characteristic of demersal spawners due to a greater environmental stability. Multiple spawning increases chances of survival mainly because of increased fecundity per reproductive season, and the reduced competition among the offspring. We concluded that C. orientale makes a heavy investment in larval survival in detriment of the offspring number. Survival is favored by the large size of oocytes, large yolk reserve, biparental care and multiple spawning pattern.


Las altas tasas de mortalidad se han observado en teleósteos durante las etapas iniciales del desarrollo, así como una gran variación en las tácticas reproductivas, que están relacionados con adaptaciones a las condiciones ambientales y nichos ecológicos con cada especie que presenta una respuesta específica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las tácticas reproductivas relacionadas con la supervivencia de la descendencia de Cichlasoma orientale, incluyendo aspectos tales como el tamaño corporal, el cuidado parental, la fecundidad, el tamaño de los ovocitos y los patrones de desove. Las muestras se recolectaron mensualmente desde agosto 2011 hasta julio 2013, en ambientes lénticos y lóticos en la cuenca del río Curu, región semiárida del noreste de Brasil. El comportamiento individual (n=113) se observó bajo el agua durante más de 50 horas por un muestreo ad libitum y muestreo de grupos focales. Para los individuos recolectados (n=185 machos, hembras n=95) se evaluó: la longitud, la fecundidad por camada, el tamaño estándar de los ovocitos y el patrón de desove. En las hembras con ovarios maduros, se observó la cantidad de grupos de ovocitos en diferentes etapas de desarrollo y estas células fueron contadas y medidas y la fecundidad se estimadó por el método gravimétrico. Las especies muestran un comportamiento de cuidado biparental y, en promedio, los machos son más grandes que las hembras. Con base en 46 ovarios, la fecundidad promedio de lotes fue de 2 052±849 (254-3 389). Longitud estándar y fecundidad parcial se correlacionaron positivamente, pero no se encontró correlación entre el tamaño de los ovocitos y la longitud estándar. Los oocitos más desarrollados miden 1.8mm. La distribución observada de las clases de tamaño de los ovocitos indica desarrollo de los ovocitos sincrónico en tres grupos: pre-vitelogénicos, vitelogénicos y maduros, lo que demuestra que C. orientale es una especie con desova múltiple. Se observaron diferencias en la cantidad de ovocitos entre los tres grupos, con el grupo más desarrollada que muestra el menor número de ovocitos. La combinación de la baja fecundidad y gran tamaño del huevo es una característica de los reproductores demersales, debido a una mayor estabilidad del medio ambiente. Múltiples desoves aumenta las posibilidades de supervivencia, principalmente debido al aumento de la fecundidad por temporada reproductiva y reducción de la competencia entre la descendencia. Llegamos a la conclusión de que C. orientale hace una fuerte inversión en la supervivencia de las larvas en detri- mento del número de descendientes. La supervivencia se ve favorecida por el gran tamaño de los ovocitos, gran reserva de yema de huevo, cuidado biparental y patrón de desove múltiple.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Fertility/physiology , Oocytes/growth & development , Perciformes/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Seasons
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(5): 1376-1382, out. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689754

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) sobre a qualidade do corpo lúteo e do embrião e sobre a concentração de progesterona (P4), em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês doadoras de embriões. Foram utilizadas 13 doadoras, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, G1 (n=7) e G2 (n=6). Em ambos os grupos, as doadoras foram sincronizadas com implante vaginal por 14 dias, receberam 100µg de PGF2α (Ciosin®) no sétimo dia e foram superovuladas, a partir do 12º dia, com 250UI de FSH (Folltopin-V®) em seis doses decrescentes. No dia da retirada do implante, as doadoras do G2 receberam 125mg de rbST (Boostin®) e foram cobertas por macho Santa Inês a cada 12 horas até o final do estro. No sexto dia após a primeira cobrição, foram avaliadas, por laparoscopia, a resposta superovulatória e a quantidade e a qualidade dos corpos lúteos. Após as avaliações, as colheitas embrionárias foram realizadas por laparotomia. A administração da rbST no protocolo de superovulação promoveu aumento significativo (P<0,05) no número de corpos lúteos do tipo I (9,00 x 5,28) e na qualidade embrionária (4,33 x 2,00).


We evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the quality of the corpus luteum and embryo and on the concentration of progesterone (P4) in donors embryo sheep Santa Ines. 13 donors were used, randomly assigned to two groups, G1 (n=7) and G2 (n=6). In both groups, the donors were synchronized with vaginal implant for 14 days and received 100µg of PGF2α (Ciosin®) on the seventh day and were superovulated, from the 12th day, with 250IU of FSH (Folltopin-V®) in six decreasing doses. On the day of implant removal the donor G2 received 125mg of rbST (Boostin®), and were covered by Santa Inês male every 12 hours until the end of estrus. In the sixth day after the first mating were evaluated by laparoscopy, superovulatory response and the amount and quality of the corpus luteum. After the evaluations, the embryonic harvests were performed by laparotomy. The administration of rbST in superovulation protocol promoted a significant increase (P <0.05) in the number of corpus luteum of type I(9.00 x 5.28) and embryo quality (4.33 x 2.00).


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Corpus Luteum/anatomy & histology , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/administration & dosage , Estrus , Fertilization/physiology , Oocytes/growth & development , Oocytes/chemistry
15.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 11(1): 179-192, Jan-Mar/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670938

ABSTRACT

The comprehension of the reproductive cycle allows to understand which are the morphological changes that develop in the gonad during this interval. Thus, many studies have been undertaken in order to describe and classify the stages of gonadal development and reproductive status of Neotropical fishes. For this purpose, specimens of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus were collected in a permanent dam in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The gonads were prepared for analysis by light microscopy. The oogenesis and spermatogenesis have been described, characterizing the stages of gonadal development, together with assessments of the gonadosomatic ratio, germ cell count and verification of variation of mature oocytes in females. Throughout the year the male gonads presented themselves as capable of reproducing, characterized by the presence of undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia, spermatocytes organized into cysts, spermatids in cysts whose wall was thicker and the spermatozoa was free in the lumen and the duct. This can indicate a continuous reproductive cycle with split spermiation. The females had gonads in the development stage from May to September with undifferentiated and differentiated oogonias and early oocytes always facing the lumen, abundant pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes and some atresias. In the phase capable of spawning, observed from October to March, the mature oocytes are abundant, there are many post-ovulatory complexes and some atresia in advanced stage. The regression, observed in some individuals from February to April, is characterized by ovaries with many atresias and post-ovulatory complexes. The same results were found in the quantitative assessments. Therefore, it may be characterized as discontinuous cycle with split spawning. Thus, the reproductive cycle of this species can be characterized as continuous for males and discontinuous for females, which have a most intense phase of reproduction from October to March. However, both have fractional release of gametes.


A compreensão do ciclo reprodutivo possibilita entender quais são as mudanças morfológicas que se desenvolvem na gônada neste período. Assim, muitos estudos têm sido realizados no intuito de descrever e classificar as fases de desenvolvimento gonadal e dos estados reprodutivos dos peixes da região Neotropical. Com esse objetivo foram coletados espécimes de Melanorivulus aff. punctatus em um represamento permanente em Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brasil. As gônadas foram preparadas para análise à microscopia de luz. A ovogênese e a espermatogênese foram descritas e caracterizados os estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal, juntamente com as avaliações de razão gonadossomática, contagem de células germinativas e verificação de variação de ovócitos maduros em fêmeas. Durante todo o ano as gônadas masculinas apresentaram-se como aptas a reprodução, caracterizadas pela presença de espermatogônias indiferenciadas e diferenciadas, espermatócitos organizados em cistos, espermátides em cistos com parede mais espessa e espermatozoides livres no lúmen e no ducto. Isso pode indicar um ciclo reprodutivo contínuo com espermiação parcelada. As fêmeas apresentaram gônadas em estágio de desenvolvimento de maio a setembro, com ovogônias indiferenciadas e diferenciadas e ovócitos iniciais sempre voltados para o lúmen, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos e vitelogênicos abundantes e algumas atresias. Na fase de apto a desova, observada de outubro a março, os ovócitos maduros são abundantes, há muitos complexos pós ovulatórios e algumas atresias em estágio avançado. A fase de regressão, constatada em alguns indivíduos de fevereiro a abril, é caracterizada por ovários com muitas atresias e complexos pós-ovulatórios. Os mesmos resultados foram encontrados nas avaliações quantitativas realizadas. Logo, pode-se caracterizar o ciclo como descontínuo com desova parcelada. Assim, o ciclo reprodutivo desta espécie pode ser caracterizado como contínuo para machos e descontínuo para fêmeas, que apresentam uma fase mais intensa de reprodução de outubro a março. Porém, ambos possuem liberação de gametas parcelada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Gonads/physiology , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena , Reproductive Behavior , Cell Count/veterinary , Oocytes/growth & development , Reproduction/physiology
16.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 50(6): 474-481, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789908

ABSTRACT

In canine specie, oocyte maturation rates are low and the percentage of oocytes that remain in the stage of germinal vesicle (GV) regardless of culture conditions is high. During maturation oocyte undergoes modification and the GV chromatin remodeling manifested by changes in the configuration and positioning. The objective of this work is to evaluate the configuration and positioning of chromatin of oocytes in GV stage during anestrus and diestrus bitches. The ovaries of 33 females (20 bitches in anestrous and 13 in diestrus) were isolated, sliced and only cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) grade 1 were subjected to solution of 0.2% hyaluronidase for release in cumulus cells. After this process, the selected oocytes were stained and evaluated. From a total of 920 oocytes, 566 were classified as grade 1 and the stages of chromatin configuration identified as GV-1, GV-2, GV-3 and GV-4. The observed changes in chromatin configuration been characterized as a transition dispersed chromatin (GV-1, GV-2) for partially condensed (GV-3) until it reaches a fully condensed stage (GV-4). The data analyzed from the chromatin configuration showed a significant difference between the stages with a higher proportion of GV-1 and GV-2 for the anoestrus and GV-3 and GV-4 during diestrus. There is need for further studies to be able to have a proper understanding of the influence of chromatin configuration of oocytes in GV stage in resumption of meiosis and consequently in oocyte meiotic competence...


Na espécie canina as taxas de maturação oocitária são baixas e a porcentagem de oócitos que permanecem em estagio de vesícula germinativa (VG), independente das condições de cultivo, e alta. Durante a maturação oocitária, a VG sofre modificação e remodelamento da cromatina, que se manifesta por alterações na sua configuração e posicionamento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar a configuração e o posicionamento da cromatina de oócitos em estagio de VG durante o anestro e diestro de cadelas. Os ovários de 33 fêmeas (20 cadelas em anestro e 13 em diestro) foram isolados, fatiados e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (COCs) foram submetidos à solução de hialuronidase 0,2% para a liberação das células do cumulus. Apos esse processo, os oócitos selecionados foram corados, avaliados e apenas COCs grau 1 foram utilizados. De um total de 920 oócitos, 566 foram classificados como grau 1 e os estágios de configuração da cromatina identificados como VG-1, VG-2, VG-3 e VG-4. As alterações observadas na configuração da cromatina foram caracterizadas como transição de uma cromatina dispersa (VG-1, VG-2) para parcialmente condensada (VG-3) ate atingir um estagio totalmente condensado (VG-4). Os dados analisados da configuração da cromatina mostraram uma diferença significativa entre as fases de anestro e diestro, com maior proporção de VG-1 e VG-2 durante o anestro e de VG-3 e VG-4 durante o diestro. Ha necessidade de novos estudos para uma compreensão adequada da influencia da configuração da cromatina de oócitos no estagio de VG na retomada da meiose e na competência meiótica do oócito...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Anestrus , Chromatin/physiology , Diestrus , Oocytes/growth & development , Reproductive Techniques/veterinary
17.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 10(4): 847-854, Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654944

ABSTRACT

Considering that reproduction studies are fundamental to understand the life cycle of organisms, this study aimed to investigate the reproductive strategies of saguirus Cyphocharax nagelii and Steindachnerina insculpta in a dam of Mogi Guaçu River, (SP). Specimens were collected between August 2005 and July 2006 using gillnets with mesh sizes ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 cm between adjacent knots. Reproductive dynamics, body condition, reproductive period, spawning type and fecundity were analyzed in both species. The body condition reflected the reproductive dynamics, and differed significantly between the wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, the feeding activity and the accumulation of fat in the visceral cavity were higher. The reproductive period of both species covered the months between August and February, with peaks in October and December, and the distribution of the diameters of oocytes allowed to classify them as total spawners. The fecundity increased with weight and length, reaching 28,800 and 27,906 oocytes per female for C. nagelii and S. insculpta, respectively, whereas the amplitude of oocyte diameters varied between 50-1025 µm for the former and 75-975 µm for the later species. Taking into account that species with different reproductive strategies also respond differently to environmental impacts, our findings provide important information to subsidize management plans for these curimatid species.


Considerando que o conhecimento da reprodução é fundamental para a compreensão do ciclo de vida dos organismos, este trabalho buscou avaliar as estratégias reprodutivas dos saguirus Cyphocharax nagelii e Steindachnerina insculpta em um represamento no rio Mogi Guaçu (SP). Os exemplares foram coletados entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006 com redes-de-espera (com tamanhos de malha variando entre 1,5 e 5,0 cm entre nós adjacentes). A dinâmica reprodutiva, a condição corporal, o período reprodutivo, o tipo de desova e a fecundidade foram os parâmetros reprodutivos analisados nas duas espécies. A condição corpórea refletiu a dinâmica reprodutiva, sendo significativamente diferente entre os períodos seco e chuvoso. Durante o período seco, a atividade alimentar e o acúmulo de gordura na cavidade visceral foram maiores. O período reprodutivo das duas espécies abrangeu os meses entre agosto e fevereiro, com picos em outubro e dezembro, e a distribuição dos diâmetros de ovócitos permitiu classificá-las como desovadoras totais. A fecundidade aumentou com o peso e com o comprimento, atingindo em média 28.800 e 27.906 ovócitos por fêmea, para C. nagelii e S. insculpta, respectivamente, ao passo que a amplitude de diâmetros ovocitários variou de 50 a 1.025 µm para a primeira e de 75 a 975 µm para a segunda espécie. Considerando que espécies com estratégias reprodutivas diferentes também respondem de modos diferentes aos impactos ambientais, as informações obtidas são importantes subsídios para nortear medidas de manejo para essas espécies de curimatídeos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes/growth & development , Characiformes/physiology , Reproduction , Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology , Oocytes/growth & development
18.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 10(3): 587-592, Sept. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653607

ABSTRACT

Reproductive aspects of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei, were characterized, including a description of the development of oocytes and spermatogenic cells, size at first sexual maturity, and fecundity. A total of 540 fish were analyzed with 250 having their gonads sectioned to allow microscopic evaluation. Six maturity stages were identified for females and males: immature, maturing, mature, spawning, spawned, and resting. Fish standard length (SL) varied from 13.0 to 28.3 cm and sex ratio was 1.6 males: 1.0 females. Monthly distributions of mean Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and maturity stages suggest that spawning occurs mainly in a protracted period, during the warmer months, from November to March. The size of first sexual maturity was estimated at 17.1 cm SL for females and 16.8 cm SL for males. Oocyte development suggests that L. alexandrei exhibits a multiple batch spawning behavior and batch fecundity varied from 34,000 to 324,000 oocytes.


Os aspectos reprodutivos da baúna-de-fogo Lutjanus alexandrei foram caracterizados, incluindo a descrição do desenvolvimento dos ovócitos e células espermatogênicas, do tamanho de primeira maturação sexual, e da fecundidade. Um total de 540 peixes foi analisado, dos quais 250 tiveram as suas gônadas seccionadas para avaliação microscópica. Seis estágios de maturidade sexual foram determinados para fêmeas e machos: imaturo, em maturação, maduro, desovando, desovado e repouso. O comprimento padrão (CP) dos peixes variou de 13,0 a 28,3 cm e a proporção sexual foi de 1,6 machos: 1,0 fêmeas. As distribuições mensais dos valores médios do Índice Gonadosomático (IGS) e dos estágios de maturidade sexual sugerem a ocorrência de desovas em um período prolongado, principalmente nos meses de temperaturas mais quentes, entre novembro e março. O tamanho médio de primeira maturação sexual foi estimado em 17,1 cm CP para as fêmeas e 16,9 cm CP para os machos. O padrão de desenvolvimento dos ovócitos sugere que L. alexandrei exibe comportamento de múltiplas desovas por lote, e a fecundidade variou entre 34.000 a 324.000 ovócitos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Oocytes/growth & development , Perciformes/growth & development , Reproduction/physiology , Semen/physiology , Embryonic Development/genetics
19.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(2): 709-720, June 2012. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657813

ABSTRACT

Reproductive biology of Anisotremus interruptus (Perciformes: Haemulidae) in the Mexican Central Pacific. Anisotremus interruptus is a widely distributed and commercially important species in the Eastern Pacific. A multi-year research on the reproduction of this species was carried out in coastal waters of Jalisco, Mexico. For this purpose, monthly samples were gathered with gillnets of different mesh sizes from 1998-2008. A total of 1 090 individuals were collected with a total length range between 15.6-61.0cm. Significant differences from expected 1:1 ratio were found for sex ratios in the total sample and for each size class, but not when comparisons among months and years were done. Temporal variations of the gonadosomatic index and proportions of maturation stages suggest that the main reproductive period is from February to May, although some less intensive spawning events were observed in other months. Seven stages of oocytes development were identified. Oocytes in different stages of development were identified in ovaries classified as mature, suggesting an asynchronic type of gonad development. Mean maturation length (L50) was 31.0 for females and 29.7cm for males. The internal organization of testes is of lobular type. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (2): 709-720. Epub 2012 June 01.


Anisotremus interruptus es una especie de importancia económica que se distribuye ampliamente en el Pacífico oriental. Para investigar las características de la reproducción de esta especie, se realizó un estudio a lo largo de varios años en la costa de Jalisco, México. Para este fin, se tomaron muestras entre 1998 y 2008 con redes de enmalle de diferente luz de malla. Asimismo, se recolectaron en total 1 090 organismos que presentaron un intervalo de longitud total de 15.6-61.0cm. Además, se observó una diferencia significativa con respecto al valor esperado de 1:1 en la proporción de hembras y machos para todos los organismos recolectados y por clase de talla, pero no se encontró diferencia en dicha proporción en los análisis entre meses y entre años. La distribución temporal del índice gonadosomático y de la proporción de estadios de maduración gonadal sugieren que el periodo de reproducción en A. interruptus se concentra principalmente entre febrero-mayo, aunque se registraron desoves de menor intensidad en otros meses. También, se identificaron siete fases de desarrollo de los ovocitos. En ovarios de estadio maduro, se observaron ovocitos en diferente fase de desarrollo, lo cual sugiere que el desarrollo ovárico es de tipo asincrónico. La organización interna del testículo es del tipo lobular. La longitud de maduración sexual (L50) para las hembras fue de 31.0cm y para los machos de 29.7cm.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Gonads/growth & development , Perciformes/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Sexual Maturation/physiology , Mexico , Oocytes/growth & development , Perciformes/classification , Perciformes/growth & development , Seasons
20.
Biol. Res ; 45(2): 101-109, 2012. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-648568

ABSTRACT

Cigarette smoke is known to be a serious health risk factor and considered reproductively toxic. In the current study, we investigated whether constituents of cigarette smoke, pyrazine, 2-ethylpyridine, and 3-ethylpyridine, adversely affect reproductive functioning such as oocyte maturation and sperm capacitation. Our findings indicated that three smoke components were involved in retardation of oocyte maturation in a dose-dependent manner and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was determined to be 10-10M. However, individual smoke components administrated at the LOAEL did not attenuate oocyte maturation, demonstrating that all three toxicants were equally required for the observed growth impairment. When exposed to all three components at 10-10M during in vitro capacitation, murine sperm lost forward progression and were unable to show adequate hyperactivation, which is indicative of the incompletion of the capacitation process. Only sperm administrated with 3-ethylpyridine alone showed significant reduction in capacitation status, suggesting the chemical is the one responsible for disrupting sperm capacitation. Taken together, this is the first report that documents the effect of cigarette smoke components on oocyte maturation and sperm capacitation. The present findings demonstrate the adverse effects of smoke constituents of mammalian reproduction and the differences in sensitivity to smoke components between male and female gametes. Since both processes take place in the female reproductive system, our data provide new insights into deleterious consequences of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Oocytes/drug effects , Pyrazines/toxicity , Pyridines/toxicity , Smoke/adverse effects , Sperm Capacitation/drug effects , Tobacco/toxicity , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Oocytes/growth & development , Risk Factors , Sperm Capacitation/physiology
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